Many monthly oral or monthly spot-on flea/tick medications are packaged with 3, 6 or 12 doses, to encourage dog owners to acquire enough doses for extended protection.ĭog owners in Spain have many choices of ectoparasiticide for treating or protecting their dogs from flea and tick infestation. Therefore, for a dog owner to adhere to veterinary recommendations it is necessary to acquire and correctly deliver sufficient product doses to the dog for up to 12 months of flea and tick protection. Considering errors in the application of these products that can reduce their effectiveness, veterinarians should not only prescribe a medication prophylaxis adequate to the territory ectoparasite pressure but should also explain all aspects related to effectiveness to improve owner compliance. There is a need for a long-lasting tick and flea protection, and not only during spring or summer. Following recommendations from the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP), ectoparasite prophylaxis should cover the parasites complete activity period. The other tick species were also collected throughout the year, with an autumn-winter peak for Dermacentor reticulatus, but without clear seasonality for Ixodes species. A tick survey carried out in Spain demonstrated that Rhipicephalus sanguineus adult ticks were active throughout the year, with a peak prevalence from March to July. felis represented the most abundant (81.7%) and widely distributed species. All three species were detected all year, although C. Ī cross-sectional spatial survey from Spain, carried out from May 2013 to mid-2015, identified Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans as the main flea species infesting dogs (total of 3031 fleas). Protecting pets from adverse effects of ectoparasites, including blood loss, ectoparasite-induced skin diseases, and vector transmitted pathogens could require a long term protection coverage for ticks and fleas. These parasites are a potential threat all year and this provides a constant challenge for veterinarians and pet owners. Several species of fleas and ticks are established across its various bioclimatic zones. Spain has a range of ectoparasites that parasitize pets and potentially the family they live with.
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